概括：这道题是雷心谆同学的课后英语练习题，主要是关于初二英语语法，指导老师为弘老师。

题目：初二英语语法

解：

.初二语法重点：人称代词

主格：I we you she he it they

宾格：me us you her him it them

形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their

名词性物主代词：mine ours yours hers his its theirs

2.形容词和副词的比较级

(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er

older taller longer stronger,etc

(2) 多音节词前+more

more interesting,etc.

(3) 双写最后一个字母,再+er

bigger fatter,etc.

(4) 把y变i,再+er

heavier,earlier

(5) 不规则变化：

well-better,much/many-more,etc.

3.可数词的复数形式

Most nouns + s a book –books

Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories

Nouns ending in s,sh,ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches

Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes

Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves

4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)

bread,rice,water ,juice etc.

5.缩略形式

I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is

it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc

6.a/an

a book,a peach

an egg an hour

7.Preposition:

on,in ,in front of,between,next to,near,beside,at,behind.

表示时间：at six o’clock,at Christmas,at breakfast

on Monday on 15th July On National Day

in the evening in December in winter

8.基数词和序数词

one – first two-second twenty-twentieth

9.Some /any

I have some toys in my bedroom.

Do you have any brothers or sisters?

10.be 动词

(1) Basic form:am/are/is

(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.

My eyes are(not) small.

My hair is(not) long.

（3）一般疑问句：Am I a Chniese?Yes,you are.No,you aren’t.

Are they American?Yes,they are.No,they aren’t.

Is the cat fat?Yes,it is.No,it isn’t.

11.there be 结构

肯定句：There is a …

There are …

一般疑问句:Is there Yes,there is./ No,there isn’t.

Are there…?Yes,there are./No,there aren’t.

否定句：There isn’t ….There aren’t….

12.祈使句

Sit down please

Don’t sit down,please.

13.现在进行时.通常用“now”.

形式：be + verb +ing

eg:I am(not) doing my homework.

You/We/They are(not) reading.

He/She/It is(not) eating.

动词 —ing 的形式

Most verbs +ing walk—walking

Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming

Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming

14 一般现在时.通常用 “usually,often,every day,sometimes”.

形式：

肯定句：

I go to school on foot every day.

She goes to school on foot every day

初二下学期要接触到得语法点：1.过去进行时；

2.using adjectives;

3.直接引语改间接引语；

4.using although and though;

5.object clauses with that after know,think,believe,etc.

6.if 的从句

参考思路：

可以咨询一下老师嘛，初中英语语法很死的，必须面面俱到啊

举一反三

例1： 初二英语语法情态动词的用法[英语练习题]

思路提示：

情态动词用法归纳

情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与不带to的普通动词的不定式一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等.

情态动词后面加动词原形.

情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等. 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语

一、 can, could

1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）.

Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）

Mary can speak three languages.（知识）

Can you skate?（技能）

此时可用be able to代替.Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态.

I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.

当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can.如：

He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.

2) 表示请求和允许.

-----Can I go now?

----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

此时可与may互换.在疑问句中还可用could,

might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中.

---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?

---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )

3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）.

They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.

This hall can hold 500 people at least.

4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度）,用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中.

Can this be true?

This can’t be done by him.

How can this be true?

二、 may, might

1) 表示请求和允许.might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式.否定回答时可用can’t

或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”.

----Might/ May I smoke in this room?

---- No, you mustn’t.

---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?

---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )

用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见.

2）用于祈使句,表示祝愿.

May you succeed!

3) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）.

might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小.

1．He may /might be very busy now.

2．Your mother may /might not know the truth.

三、 must, have to

1) 表示必须、必要.

You must come in time.

在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t（禁止,不准）,而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）.

---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?

---- Yes, you must.

---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.

2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要.Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式.

1． he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.

2． I had to work when I was your age.

3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）

1． You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.

2． Your mother must be waiting for you now.

四、 dare, need

1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared.

1． How dare you say I’m unfair?

2． He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

3． If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.

2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句.在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替.

1．You needn’t come so early.

2. ---- Need I finish the work today?

---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化.在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式.在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式.而need后面只能接带to的不定式.

1. I dare to swim across this river.

2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.

3. He needs to finish his homework today.

五、 shall, should

1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见.

What shall we do this evening?

2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁.

1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)

2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)

3. He shall be punished.(威胁)

六、 will, would

1) 表示请求、建议等,would更委婉.

Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?

2) 表示意志、愿望和决心.

1. I will never do that again.

2. They asked him if he would go abroad.

3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向.would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义.

1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.

2. The wound would not heal.

4) 表示估计和猜想.

It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.

七、 should, ought to

1) should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重.

1. I should help her because she is in trouble.

2. You ought to take care of the baby.

2) 表示劝告、建议和命令.should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should.

1. You should / ought to go to class right away.

2. Should I open the window?

3) 表示推测

should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测).

1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)

2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)

3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)

4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)

例2： 【初二英语语法知识重点很重点的,要稍微详细一点,不要太简单,有例子是最好的!先,】[英语练习题]

思路提示：

初中试题部分

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我只摘录一小部分,还有其他各科的你自己看有没有你需要的吧．Good lucky!

例3： 初二英语几个重点语法[英语练习题]

思路提示：

一. 知识点总结：

（一）

一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态.通常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等.

be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情.如：It is going to rain.

will do 结构表示将来的用法：

1. 表示预见

Do you think it will rain?

You will feel better after a good rest.

2. 表示意图

I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.

What will she do tomorrow?

基本构成如下：

一般疑问句构成：

（1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?

（2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …?

Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t

否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do

Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday.

特殊疑问句构成：

特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…?What will Sarah do next Sunday?

根据例句,用will改写下列各句

例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow）

I’ll be better tomorrow.

1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight）

_____________________________

2. I’m tired now. （sleep later）

_____________________________

3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon）

_____________________________

4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later）

_____________________________

5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow）

_____________________________

答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight.

2. I’ll sleep later.

3. They’ll buy one soon.

4. We’ll leave a little later.

5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow.

（二）should的用法：

should用来提出建议和忠告,后边加动词原形,否定句直接在should后边加not.

例如：I think you should eat less junk food.

我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品.

She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.

她经常开车,很少走路.所以我认为她应该多走路.

Students shouldn’t spend too much time playing computer games.

学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏.

学习向别人提建议的几种句式：

（1）I think you should…

（2）Well, you could…

（3）Maybe you should …

（4）Why don’t you…?

（5）What about doing sth.?

（6）You’d better do sth.

用should或shouldn’t填空

1. I can’t sleep the night before exams.

You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed.

2. Good friends ______ argue each other.

3. There is little milk in the glass. We _______ buy some.

4. They didn’t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier.

5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _______ do exercises every day.

答案：1. should 2. shouldn’t 3. should 4. should 5. should

（三）

过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作.

1. 构成

was /were + doing,例如：

I was watching TV at 9 o’clock last night.

at 9 o’clock last night是时间点

They were playing football all afternoon.

all afternoon是时间段

2. 过去进行时的标志词

at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday等.例如：

I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.

昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭.

At that time she was writing a book.

那阵子她在写一本书.（表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情.）

用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空.

1. This time yesterday I ____ ______（read）books.

2. At 9 o’clock last Sunday they ______ ______（have）a party.

3. When I _____（come）into the classroom, she ________ ______（read）a storybook.

4. She _____ ______（play）computer games while her mother ____ ______（cook）yesterday afternoon.

5. I _____ ______（have）a shower when you _______（call）me yesterday.

答案：1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading

4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called

（四）

间接引语

形成步骤：

（1）不要逗号,冒号,引号

（2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一致的）

（3）要考虑时态的变化

（4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化.

1. 直接引语变成间接引语时,几个主要时态的变化规律

直接引语 间接引语

一般现在时 一般过去时

一般将来时 过去将来时

现在进行时 过去进行时

2. 直接引语变成间接引语时,一些词汇的变化规律

直接引语

1. am / is

2. are

3. have / has

4. will

5. can

6. may 间接引语

1. was

2. were

3. had

4. would

5. could

6. might

用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空.

1. She said I _____（be）hard-working.

2. Peter told me he _____（be）bored yesterday.

3. She said she _____（go）swimming last Sunday.

4. Bobby said he _____（may）call me later.

5. Antonio told me he _____（read）a book then.

答案：1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading

请转述他人说的话：

1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom）

2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy）

3. I will call you tomorrow. （Mike）

4. I’m having a surprise party for Lana. （she）

（五）

if引导的条件状语从句

结构：if＋一般现在时,主语＋将来时

含义：如果……,将要……

例如：If you ask him, he will help you.

如果你请求他,他会帮助你.

If need be, we’ll work all night.

如果需要,我们就干个通宵.

根据中文提示,完成句子.

1. 如果你参加聚会,你将会过得很开心.

If you ________ the party, you __________.

2. 如果明天下雨,我们将不去野餐.

If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.

3. 如果你经常听英文歌,你将会喜欢英语的.

If you often ________, you _________________.

答案：

1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time

2. If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the picnic

3. If you often listen to English songs, you’ll like English

二. 完形填空特点及解题思路

（一）题型分类与特点

完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干个词,留下一些空格,要求考生借助短文保留的部分,从所给的短文整体出发,在正确理解短文意思的基础上,根据句子和句子间的内在联系、词的用法和习惯搭配等,用适当的词或词语填空,使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整.这种题型测试的内容从形式上看是单词或短语的填空,但它必须注意到短文中上、下文意思连贯、词语搭配和语法结构正确,所以在空格上所填的词必须符合语义适用和语法正确两条原则,只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误.中考中完形填空试题的基本题型分两类：完形填空选择题和完形填空题.

1. 完形填空选择题：该题型的特点是将一篇短文中若干词语抽掉留下空格,对每一空格提供若干个选择项,要求考生通读短文后,在理解短文意思的基础上,运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识,从所提供的备选项中选出一个最佳答案,使短文内容完整正确.中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主.它所给的短文一般与初中英语教材难易程度相当,字数在150－200个单词之内,多数设置10个左右空格,所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解.短文的第一句一般不设空,以期提供一个语境,对每一空格设置的选项基本都属于相同或对等的词类,给判定选择带来一定的干扰,侧重考查了考生准确运用词汇的能力及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理能力.

2. 选词填空题：该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱顺序,不按原文顺序排列,放在短文前面或后面的方框内,有时还增加几个文外的词,要求考生从中选出适当的词以正确的形式填入短文空格内.

（A）

Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase （短语）“have a day off”. He 2 , then he had an idea. “Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? ”he asked the teacher. “Of course, you can. ”replied （答复）the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher’s door. “May I have a day off 5 ? ”The teacher was very surprised, “Didn’t you 6 it just now? ”“Yes, sir. But I can’t be here 7 , either. ”The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, “Why didn’t you say‘May I have two days off? ’”The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. “But you only 10 us‘have a day off! ’”

（ ）1. A. but B. and C. or D. for

（ ）2. A. thought hardly

B. thought hard and hard

C. hard thought

D. thought and thought

（ ）3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr

（ ）4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock

（ ）5. A. also B. again C. too D. once

（ ）6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do

（ ）7. A. tomorrow

B. the day after tomorrow

C. yesterday

D. the day before yesterday

（ ）8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing

（ ）9. A. with B. on C. in D. by

（ ）10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D. were teaching

（B）

请根据内容从所给的15个单词中选出最恰当的10个填入空白处,使短文完整,有些词要根据需要作适当的词形变化.

than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what

A generation gap （代沟）has become a serious problem. I read a _______（1）about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _______（2）after quarrels （争吵）with parents. I think this is _______（3）they don’t have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _______（4）time in the office. _______（5）they don’t have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _______（6）they don’t have the same topics（话题）to talk about. I want to _______（7）parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _______（8）your parents. They are the people who _______（9）you. So tell them your thoughts （想法）. In this way, you can have a better _______（10）of each other.

完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是：

1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意.先跳过空格,通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文,获得整体印象,做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨,较好地把握短文大意.要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择,切忌仓促下笔.

2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案.在理解全文意思的基础上,再结合所给备选项细读全文,联系上、下文内容,注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示,以词、句的意义为先,再从分析句子结构入手,根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑,对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选,排除干扰项、初步选定答案.

3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破.动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难.对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做,一下子不能确定答案的,先跳过这一空格,继续往下做,最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点.这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文,随着对短文理解的深入,可以降低试题的难度,提高选择的正确率.

4. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏.完成各道题选择后,把所选的答案代入原文,再把全文通读一篇,逐空认真复查.看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章,语法结构是否正确,是否符合习惯表达法.如发现错误答案或有疑问的,应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正.

完形填空试题的一般解题思路是：

1. 跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意.解题时先跳过空格,通读完形填空的短文,了解全篇的内容和要旨.要重视首句,善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点,理清文脉,推测全文主题及大意.

2. 复读短文、确定语义、判断词形.把握短文大意后再认真复读短文,利用上下文的语境,结合所学过的知识,先确定空格处所需词语的意义,再根据空格在句子中的位置,判断其在句中充当的成分,从而确定所填词的词性,再依据词语搭配和语法规则,判断所填的词的正确形式.

3. 三读短文、上下参照、验证答案.在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后,将完成的短文再细读一遍,上下参照,连贯思考.把所填的答案放入短文中进行检验,可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章,语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证,凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑.

（三）课文阅读指导

1. 初中阅读

阅读理解能力

（1）理解主旨要义

（2）理解文中具体信息

（3）根据上下文猜测生词的意义

（4）做出简单判断的推理

（5）理解文章的基本结构

（6）理解作者的意图和态度

2. 培养良好阅读习惯

（1）扩大视距

（2）克服声读

（3）克服逐字读

3. 猜测词文

（1）通过标题或主题句进行预测

（2）文章的标题或主题句可包括作者的意图和倾向、篇章的总体意义和深层意义,因此通过文章标题或主题句进行预测,以便正确理解.

（3）通过语篇标记进行预测

（4）语篇标记包括关联词、转换词也包括其他关键词.

（5）利用背景知识预测

（6）利用图片进行预测

例4： 初二英语语法点可是我不懂Shehasanewbag-Doesshehaveanewbag?welikeanimals-Dowelikeanimals?为什么SHE开头用DOES回答WE开头用DO回答还有问下buyspendpaycosttake的那个语法点.比如说buysthforsomemon[英语练习题]

思路提示：

第一个问题：

因为she、he、it都是第三人称单数,所以在一般现在时中都要用dose作为助动词,像其他的第一人称单复数、第二人称单复数以及第三人称的复数形式的代词都要用助动词do.

第二个问题：

buy、spend、pay、cost和take都有“花费”的意思.区别在于：

buy sb sth=buy sth for sb给某人买某物,是这五个单词中唯一一个可以跟双宾语的

spend：sb spend some time/money on sth 某人花多少钱买某物/花多少时间多某事

sb spend some time （in）doing sth 某人花多少时间在某事上面,in可以省略

pay：sb pay some money for sth 某人为某物付多少钱

pay some money for sb 为某人付钱

pay back 还钱

pay off 还清

cost：主语一定是物,sth cost sb some money 某物花了某人多少钱

take：有一个固定句型：it take sb some time/money to do sth 做某事花了某人多少时间/多少钱

例5： 初二英语语法点~tellsayspeak三者的区别和用法请您回答是细一点谢谢![英语练习题]

思路提示：

1.Speak 为及物动词,当和..人说话时,与宾语之间要用一个介词 “to”连接,其句子结构为Somebody speaks to someone.(Ex.I want to speak to you,please.) Speak 也用来形容某人会说哪些语言,此时Speak和语言之间无需任何介词,其句子结构为 Somebody speaks + language well.(Ex.Mr.Wang Qiang speaks English very well.)

2.Tell 为及物动词,当作告诉某人某事用,Tell和宾语之间无需任何介词,其句子结构为 Somebody tells someone something.(Ex.John tells Mary that he loves her.)

3.Say 为及物动词,但其宾语通常为事情,其句子结构为 Somebody says something to someone.(Ex.Jack wants to say something about his family to me.)

4.Talk 为及物动词,意思为和某人交谈,其句子结构为 Somebody talks with/to somebody about something/somebody.(Ex.Charlie talks to Emma about getting a new car.)

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