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国际贸易付款方式

时间:2019-01-30 11:22:35编辑:刘牛来源:曲谱自学网

概括:这道题是习付伺同学的课后英语练习题,主要是关于国际贸易付款方式,指导老师为邹老师。国际贸易支付方式是国际间因商品交换而发生的以贷款为主要内容的债权债务清算方式。不同的支付方式包含着不同的支付时间、地点和方法。国际贸易支付方式是商品生产和流通高度发展的产物,随着国际间商品交换的加强和扩大,贷款的收付已由现货交易逐渐演变为以买卖双方通过银行或其他中介进行结算为特征的各种支付方式。

题目:国际贸易付款方式

解:

FOB:Free on Board 船上交货价格,离岸价格

CNF:Cost and Freight 成本加运费

CIF:Cost,Insurance and Freight成本、保险费加运费

DAF:Delivered At Frontier“边境交货”.是指卖方须在边境指定地点,在毗邻国家海关边界前,将仍处于运输工具上尚未卸下的货物交给买方处置,办妥货物出口清关手续,即完成交货.卖方承担货物交给买方处置前的风险和费用.DAF术语适用于陆地边界交货的各种运输方式.

T/T:(telegraphic transfer)电汇

M/T:(mail transfer)信汇

D/D:(remittance by banker's demand draft)票汇

D/P:(documents against payment)付款交单

D/A:(documents against acceptance)承兑交单

L/C:(letter of direct)信用证

举一反三

例1: 一些英语名词(涉及外贸)有谁能看懂吗ESTIMATEDANNUALPRODUCTIONANDPERANNUM(NOS.)SALES(QUANTITY)(NOS.)ESTIMATEDSALESPRICEINR/LTR.CAP.VALUEOFSALESINR[数学练习题]


思路提示:

ESTIMATED ANNUAL PRODUCTION AND PER ANNUM (NOS.)

预计每年生产量

SALES (QUANTITY)(NOS.)

销售量

ESTIMATED SALES PRICE INR/LTR. CAP.

预计销售价格

VALUE OF SALES INR

销售价值--与SALES (QUANTITY)(NOS.) 表示数量不同, 这个是钱数

例2: 求英文或者国际贸易告人帮忙解释个名词定义!Adetectorarray=thedetectorarray(aInGaAsdetectorarray)withoutreadoutintegratedcircuit(ROIC)orsupportingelectronicsAfocalplanearray(FPA)=adetectorarraycoupledtoa


思路提示:

请问,你这个是哪国的语言啊?我看着怎么不像是英文啊?我英语这么多年了,难道学傻了?晕

例3: 【英语中名词的解释具体的说明】


思路提示:

  1.1 名词复数的规则变化

  ___________________________________________________

  情况 构成方法 读音 例词

  __________________________________________________

  一般情况 加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps

  2.浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags

  读 /z/; car-cars

  ___________________________________________________

  以s,sh,ch,

  x等结尾的词 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses

  watch-watches

  ___________________________________________________

  以ce,se,ze,

  (d)ge等结尾

  的词 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses

  ___________________________________________________

  以辅音字母+y 变y 为i

  结尾的词 再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies

  ___________________________________________________

  1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化

  1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:

  如: two Marys the Henrys

  monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays

  比较: 层楼:storey ---storeys story---stories

  2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:

  a. 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos

  radio---radios zoo---zoos;

  b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes

  c. 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes

  3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:

  a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs

  safe---safes gulf---gulfs;

  b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves

  knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves

  wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;

  c. 均可,如: handkerchief:

  handkerchiefs / handkerchieves

  1.3 名词复数的不规则变化

  1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth

  mouse---mice man---men woman---women

  注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women.

  如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans.

  2)单复同形 如:

  deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese

  li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin

  但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式.如:

  a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

  3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数.

  如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说

  a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用.

  如: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的.

  4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:

  a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数.

  b. news 是不可数名词.

  c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数.

  The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的.

  d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数.

  "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.

  是一本非常有趣的故事书.

  5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes

  若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

  6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼

  1.4 不可数名词量的表示

  1)物质名词

  a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时.

  比较: Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物. (不可数)

  These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃. (可数)

  b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,名词可数.

  This factory produces steel. (不可数)

  We need various steels. (可数)

  c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数.

  Our country is famous for tea.

  我国因茶叶而闻名.

  Two teas, please.

  请来两杯茶.

  2) 抽象名词有时也可数.

  four freedoms 四大自由

  the four modernizations四个现代化

  物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量.

  如:

  a glass of water 一杯水

  a piece of advice 一条建议

  1.5 定语名词的复数

  名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外.

  1) 用复数作定语.

  如:sports meeting 运动会

  students reading-room 学生阅览室

  talks table 谈判桌

  the foreign languages department 外语系

  2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定.

  如:men workers women teachers

  gentlemen officials

  3) 有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留.

  如:goods train (货车)

  arms produce 武器生产

  customs papers 海关文件

  clothes brush衣刷

  4) 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式.

  如:two-dozen eggs 两打/(二十四个鸡蛋)

  a ten-mile walk 十里路

  two-hundred trees 两百棵树

  a five-year plan. 一个五年计划

  个别的有用复数作定语的,如: a seven-years child

  1.6 不同国家的人的单复数

  名称 总称(谓语用复数) 一个人 两个人

  中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese

  瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss

  澳大利亚人the an two

  Australians Australian Australians

  俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians

  意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians

  希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks

  法国人 the French a Frenchman two

  Frenchmen

  日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese

  美国人 the Americans an American two Americans

  印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians

  加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians

  德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans

  英国人 the English an Englishman two

  Englishmen

  瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes

  1.7 名词的格

  在英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teacher's book.名词所有格的规则如下:

  1) 单数名词词尾加"'s",复数名词词尾没有s,也要加"'s",如the boy's bag 男孩的书包,men's room 男厕所.

  2) 若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加"'",如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗争.

  3) 凡不能加"'s"的名词,都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字.

  4) 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barber's 理发店.

  5) 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示"分别有";只有一个's,则表示'共有'.

  如:John's and Mary's room(两间) John and Mary's room(一间)

  6) 复合名词或短语,'s 加在最后一个词的词尾.

  如:a month or two's absence

例4: 【英语翻译1.跨国公司2.自由贸易3.保护贸易4.WTO(全称)5.国际分工用英文翻译后请再附上对于此词语简单的英文解释,】[英语练习题]


思路提示:

1,Multinational corporation

A firm which has the power to coordinate and control operations in more than one country,even if it doesn’t own them

Multinational corporation (MNC) or transnational corporation (TNC) is a corporation or enterprise that manages production or delivers services in more than one country.

2Free trade

Free trade is a system in which the trade of goods and services between or within countries flows unhindered by government-imposed restrictions.Such government interventions generally increase costs of goods and services to both consumers and producers.Interventions include taxes and tariffs,non-tariff barriers,such as regulatory legislation and quotas,and even inter-government managed trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) (contrary to their formal titles.) The most extreme version of Free Trade opposes all such interventions.Trade liberalization entails reductions to these trade barriers in an effort for relatively unimpeded transactions.

3Trade Protection/Protectionism

Protectionism is the economic policy of restraining trade between nations,through methods such as tariffs on imported goods,restrictive quotas,and a variety of other restrictive government regulations designed to discourage imports,and prevent foreign take-over of local markets and companies.This policy is closely aligned with anti-globalization,and contrasts with free trade,where government barriers to trade are kept to a minimum.The term is mostly used in the context of economics,where protectionism refers to policies or doctrines which "protect" businesses and "living wages" within a country by restricting or regulating trade between foreign nations.

4WTO(World Trade Organization)

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization designed to supervise and liberalize international trade.The WTO came into being on 1 January 1995,and is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT),which was created in 1947,and continued to operate for almost five decades as a de facto international organization.

5International Division of Labor

The allocation of various parts of the production process to different places in the world.In theory,different regions specialize in different activities,and everyone benefits,but some studies indicate that,in practice,low-skilled,poorly paid,and ecologically damaging work is switched to newly industrializing and developing countries,where the work is often done by non-unionized,female labour,working in poor conditions.

例5: 用英语解释名词aliencivilisation和mannedmission用英语解释这两个名词,就是下定义,不要长篇大论的[英语练习题]


思路提示:

alien civilisation:the society,culture,and way of life in foreign countries

manned mission an expedition made by a human crew in a spacecraft into space

相关思考练习题:

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