概括：这道题是仇降妥同学的课后历史练习题，主要是关于清明上河图简介，指导老师为郦老师。

题目：清明上河图简介

解：

《清明上河图》描绘了北宋时期都城东京（今河南开封）汴梁以及汴河两岸的自然风光和繁荣景象.作者以长卷形式,采用散点透视的构图法,将繁杂的景物纳入统一而富于变化的图画中.图中所绘城廓市桥屋庐之远近高下,草树马牛驴驼之大小出没,以及居者行者,舟车之往还先后,皆曲尽其仪态而莫可数记,全副场面浩大,内容极为丰富,整幅画作气势宏大、构图严谨、笔法细致,充分表现了画家对社会生活的深刻洞察力和高超的艺术表现能力.

举一反三

例1： 有谁知道＜＜清明上河图＞＞画面相关内容的英文版介绍[英语练习题]

思路提示：

ALONG THE RIVER DURING CHING MING FESTIVAL known in Chinese as 《清明上河图》 was the work of Song Dynasty artist,Zhang Zeduan.The painting captures the daily life of people from the Song period at thecapital,Pien Jing (today's Kaifeng).The theme celebrates Ching Ming Festival (Qingming Festival).The entire piece was painted in handscroll format and the content reveals the lifestyle of all stratum of the society (from rich to poor) as well as different economic activities in rural areas and the city.It offers glimpse of the custumes and architecture during the period.As an artistic creation,the piece has been well revered and over the centuries,court artists of subsequent dynasties have reproduced several versions.

Along the River During the Ch'ing-ming Festival

Court painters,Ch'ing Dynasty (1644-1911)

Handscroll,ink and colors on silk,35.6 x 1152.8 cm

The original upon which this work is based,by Chang Tse-tuan (active early 12th century),is a masterful unfolding of Sung dynasty life and customs at the capital of Pien (K'ai-feng) in a long handscroll format.This theme,popular in the Northern Sung (960-1126),has been copied often throughout the ages.There are seven versions alone in the National Palace Museum,and this one by court painters of the imperial painting academy under the Ch'ien-lung Emperor (reigned 1736-1795) is one of the most famous.Each version reflects not only the painting style but also life and appearances of the period it was made.

This version represents a collaboration by five court painters (Ch'en Mei,Sun Hu,Chih K'un,Tai Hung,and Ch'en Chih-tao) and was finished in 1736.It can be said to be a copy that combines the style and features of previous versions along with unique customs of the Ming and Ch'ing,such as the forms of entertainment popular at the time.The lively activities include a theatrical performance,monkey show,acrobatics,and a martial arts ring to lend a festive air to the scenery.

Brilliantly colored and characterized by sure,fine brushwork,this represents a fine example of Ch'ing court painting.Although this handscroll has lost much of the archaic feel of the Sung dynasty version,it is a valuable source of information for late Ming and early Ch'ing life and customs.The style also reflects the influence of Western painting techniques,popular at the court then.The buildings and streets,for example,were rendered with Western-style perspective,and even some Western-influenced architecture appears.The bridge and buildings are depicted in the ruled-line method ("chieh-hua"),and the figures are also exquisitely detailed.

例2： 概括《清明上河图》这篇课文的主要内容[历史练习题]

思路提示：

这幅画描绘的是汴京清明时节的繁荣景象,是汴京当年繁荣的见证,也是北宋城市经济情况的写照.通过这幅画,我们了解了北宋的城市面貌和当时各阶层人民的生活.总之,《清明上河图》具有极高的史料价值.

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