用英文简述京剧的历史

The name of the Peking Opera in the late qing beginning two years (1876) "shenbao", there have been PiHuang, TLC identification method for erhuang, yellow cavity, the tone, JingXi, flat play, such as Chinese appellation, the qing qianlong 55 years (1790) anhui four HuiBan performers with Beijing after the dramatic world, HanJu, YiYang, kunqu opera in China after five, strum, sixty years of yi evolvement become Beijing Opera, is China's biggest Chinese operas flourishing.
Peking Opera is a comprehensive performance art. (singing), sing that read (NianBai), do (act), play (fight), dance dance) of one body, through the program performance means in Syria story, characterize the characters, the expression "happiness, anger, sadness and joy, surprised, fear, sadness" thoughts and feelings. Role can be divided into: life (the man), Dan (women), net (the man), ugly (male, woman all have four big labor. Characters have faithful evil portion of the important points, of good and evil points. Each image is bright, lifelike.
May 20, 2006, Peking Opera, with the approval of the state council listed in the first national nonmaterial cultural heritage list.
Beijing Opera-brief
Incubation period
Beijing Opera "Hamlet" version of qing dynasty, Beijing Opera stage popular with JingQiang kunqu opera (YiYangQiang). After the middle of emperor qianlong, kunqu opera gradually and decline, JingQiang prosperity replace kunqu opera series city stage.
Forty-five years of emperor qianlong (1780) tendencies WeiChangSheng artists by sichuan performers.
Fifty-five years of emperor qianlong (1790), the three HuiBan to stay after a city (class addresses HanGuTai alley in inside), and there are four joy, rev. Show, neon cui, spring machine, mass, 3 and, song wish, JinYu, big scene and for the class, also in the dashilan stay in performance. Among them with a three, four joy, mass, spring Taiwan four fame most quickly, so some of the "four great HuiBan," said.
HanJu popular in hubei, the ShengQiang XiPi and emblem of the TLC identification method for erhuang, play with blood relations. Logo, han two play had extensive in performers art blends. After qianlong dynasty, HanJu famous m should be advanced after Beijing, early light (1821), has HanJu old lee and famous six, WangHongGui, YuSanSheng, niche LongDeYun into Beijing such as, respectively, take into HuiBan spring machine, van nung singing class. HanJu actors take into HuiBan, will be ShengQiang tune, performance skills, plays soluble in emblem of play, make the emblem of the play increasingly rich and perfect song plate, singing, NianBai more phonetic features Beijing area, and easy to Beijing people accept. Light 25 years (1845) each name class, are all old living as the captain. Logo, han rivers, contributed to XiPi attune and anhui province of hubei province of the exchange "er huang again. Logo, the qin and han's rivers, for the birth of the Peking Opera to lay the foundation.
formation
Light twenty years to xianfeng ten years (1840-1860) between, the play, the emblem of the HanDiao qinqiang or rivers, and draw on the long, JingQiang kunqu opera and the formation of the Beijing Opera.
The mark of a: tune plate complete rich, beyond the logo, the qin and han three of the play any. By singing ti and "qu pai ti" mixed composition. ShengQiang mainly "er huang, XiPi primarily.
Another, trade in complete.
# 3, formed a group of Beijing Opera production.
Of the four, ChengChangGeng, YuSanSheng, ZhangErKui for Peking Opera in the early years of the representative formation, they in singing, and performance style on the rig features, create the main tone in Peking Opera XiPi, "er huang and Beijing Opera drama form, and Beijing has the features of language, sound suggests, made a prominent contribution.
The first generation of Beijing Opera actor, there is an old LuSheng Krishna, XueYin porch, ZhangRuLin, WangJiuLing, etc.; Niche LongDeYun, XuXiaoXiang; HuXiLu denier, LuoQiaoFu, MeiQiaoLing; Ugly YangMing jade, liu cast three; LaoDan HaoLanTian, TanZhiDao; Net ZhuDa MaZi, as such as stress, they all the business for rich ShengQiang and performance art, all have a unique creation. After the 'four xi class' class Lord MeiQiaoLing of, have the courage to break through tsing yi, the old rules strictly opening the division, performing for singing art open a new road.
maturity
In 1883 a 1918, by the formation of the Peking Opera into maturity, representative figures for the as old living after three jie "TanXinPei, WangGuiFen, SunJuXian.
After the s, yu shuyan said friends, GaoQingKui, chrysanthemum MaLianLiang etc, all in the Pope "TanPa" on the basis of the development of different artistic schools for.
Xianfeng ten years (1861) ShiRu palace Beijing Opera performance. That year may end up to arrest, by three points a class, four xi class, double Krishna and outside class the class (Beijing Opera class) performance.
The nine years (1883), when possible, life, choose ZhangQiLin, YangLongShou, BaoFuShan ferro, color, YanFuXi 18 people into the palace cop, not only singing, and when the Peking Opera shan, the skills taught to the eunuch. Since then, the agency in charge of the qing performance affairs "wine department", each choose famous artists into the cop, "stop xuantong three years (1911), the idea has TanXinPei, YangYueLou, SunJuXian, ChenDeLin, WangLeng fairy, Yang xiaolou, YuYuQin, ZhuWenYing, WangYaoQing, GongYunFu, MuFengShan, such as QianJinFu male, the female net, ugly, by more than 150 people had into the palace. Because when hobby Beijing Opera, and famous Beijing Opera at the palace frequent stage, strong momentum. Over the same period, the gate area at GuangDe building, a garden, a three and garden, WenMingYuan paradise, such as a theatre and days of Peking Opera, form the Peking Opera series situation.
Beijing Opera at maturity, except the "old living after three jie" outside, born there, JiaHongLin do XuYinTang; WuSheng YuJuSheng, YangLongShou; Net line HeJiaShan, HuangRunFu, JinXiuShan, QiuGuiXian, LiuYongChun, etc.; Niche WangLeng fairy, Germany Jun such as, LiuHuaYun: denier ChenDeLin, TianGuiFeng, do WangYaoQing, ZhuWenYing; WangChangLin scandal, a black, arjen robben, the-year-old XiaoChangHua, GuoChunShan. This time, the woman's rise, formed with ShengJiao performing with the trend. WuSheng YuJuSheng, started WuSheng self-reliance portal pick beam first, he was later called "WuSheng ancestor". The famous and inheritance of innovative development, singing skill mature gradually, will the Peking Opera to a new height.
follows
Beijing Opera performance after 1917, Beijing Opera actor best emerge in a large amount, presents the schools had the prosperity of the situation, the stage development to the flourishing, this period for Yang xiaolou representative figures, mei lanfang, yu shuyan.
In 1927, Beijing "shun day" news "Peking Opera MingLing held performing selection. Readers vote results: mei lanfang to play "too really gaiden", ShangXiaoYun to play "modern jia female", ChengYanQiu to play"。

京剧赵氏孤儿讲了什么内容 急

春秋时代，晋国的大臣赵盾辅佐晋襄公，使国家越来越富强。襄公死后，其子晋灵公继位，荒淫无道，残害臣民。赵盾多次劝谏，灵公不但不听，反而怀恨在心，赵盾不得已而出逃。后来他的兄弟赵穿发动政变，杀了灵公，拥立襄公的弟弟即位，为晋成公。这时赵盾又被请回来，主持朝政。他的儿子赵朔娶了成公的姐姐为夫人。成公死后，儿子景公继位。大夫屠岸贾原是晋公的庞臣，一贯助纣为虐，对赵氏早就恨之入骨。他对景公说：“灵公遇难，祸首是赵盾，以臣弑君，应当灭族。”这时赵盾已死，景公就把赵朔一族全部杀死。赵朔的妻子因系公主身份，幸免于死。她回到王宫，生下遗腹子。屠岸贾听说后，到宫中搜索，想斩草除根。公主把婴儿藏在裤子里，屠岸贾没有搜着。在这危难之时，赵氏的两个门客公孙杵臼和程婴决心把赵氏孤儿救出来。于是二人定计，买了别人一个婴儿，由公孙杵臼抱去藏起来，然后程婴去向屠岸贾“告密”，说赵氏孤儿在公孙杵臼处。屠岸贾领兵抓到公孙杵臼和那个婴儿，当即处死。这时程婴却偷偷跑到王宫，抱出赵氏婴儿，逃到偏僻的山林里躲藏起来。孤儿长大，取名赵武，十五年后景公得了重病，让卜者占卜，卜者说生病的原因是错杀了功臣。大臣韩厥一向和赵氏关系亲密，此时便趁机向景公说：“赵氏世代有功，被错杀灭族，老百姓都为之不平，应当恢复名誉，给予重用。”于是景公听了韩厥的话，派人把赵武和程婴接进宫来，让赵武继承了赵氏原来的俸禄、封地。赵武又奉景公之命，杀死了屠岸贾。后来赵武的曾孙赵襄子和韩氏、魏氏三家分晋（战国时代从此拉开序幕），建了赵国。邢台为邢侯之邢国，也为赵襄子之赵国，（邢台为赵襄子封地和赵国前期首都、后期的陪都）故称邢台为邢襄故国、邢襄旧地；邢台又名襄国，是项羽给起的名字，也是以此地为赵襄子封地，所以以襄子谥号起名。

赵氏孤儿原文

　　赵氏孤儿 史记 原文
　　晋景公之三年，大夫屠岸贾欲诛赵氏。初，赵盾在时，梦见叔带持要而哭，甚悲；已而笑，拊手且歌。盾卜之，兆绝而后好。赵史援占之，曰：“此梦甚恶，非君之身，乃君之子，然亦君之咎。至孙，赵将世益衰。”屠岸贾者，始有宠于灵公，及至于景公而贾为司寇，将作难，乃治灵公之贼以致赵盾，篃告诸将曰：“盾虽不知，犹为贼首。以臣弑君，子孙在朝，何以惩谸？请诛之。”韩厥曰：“灵公遇贼，赵盾在外，吾先君以为无罪，故不诛。今诸君将诛其后，是非先君之意而今妄诛。妄诛谓之乱。臣有大事而君不闻，是无君也。”屠岸贾不听。韩厥告赵朔趣亡。朔不肯，曰：“子必不绝赵祀，朔死不恨。”韩厥许诺，称疾不出。贾不请而擅与诸将攻赵氏于下宫，杀赵朔、赵同、赵括、赵婴齐，皆灭其族。
　　赵朔妻成公姊，有遗腹，走公宫匿。赵朔客曰公孙杵臼，杵臼谓朔友人程婴曰：
　　“胡不死？”程婴曰：“朔之妇有遗腹，若幸而男，吾奉之；即女也，吾徐死耳。”
　　居无何，而朔妇免身，生男。屠岸贾闻之，索于宫中。夫人置儿藳中，祝曰：“赵宗灭乎，若号；即不灭，若无声。”及索，儿竟无声。已脱，程婴谓公孙杵臼曰：“今一索不得，后必且复索之，柰何？”
　　公孙杵臼曰：“立孤与死孰难？”程婴曰：“死易，立孤难耳。”公孙杵臼曰：“赵氏先君遇子厚，子强为其难者，吾为其易者，请先死。”乃二人谋取他人婴儿负之，衣以文葆，匿山中。程婴出，谬谓诸将军曰：“婴不肖，不能立赵孤。
　　谁能与我千金，吾告赵氏孤处。”诸将皆喜，许之，发师随程婴攻公孙杵臼。
　　杵臼谬曰：“小人哉程婴！昔下宫之难不能死，与我谋匿赵氏孤儿，今又卖我。
　　纵不能立，而忍卖之乎！”抱儿呼曰：“天乎天乎！赵氏孤儿何罪？请活之，独杀杵臼可也。”诸将不许，遂杀杵臼与孤儿。诸将以为赵氏孤儿良已死，皆喜。
　　然赵氏真孤乃反在，程婴卒与俱匿山中。
　　居十五年，晋景公疾，卜之，大业之后不遂者为祟。景公问韩厥，厥知赵孤在，乃曰：“大业之后在晋绝祀者，其赵氏乎？夫自中衍者皆嬴姓也。中衍人面鸟噣，降佐殷帝大戊，及周天子，皆有明德。下及幽厉无道，而叔带去周适晋，事先君文侯，至于成公，世有立功，未尝绝祀。今吾君独灭赵宗，国人哀之，故见龟策。唯君图之。”景公问：“赵尚有后子孙乎？”韩厥具以实告。于是景公乃与韩厥谋立赵孤儿，召而匿之宫中。诸将入问疾，景公因韩厥之觽以胁诸将而见赵孤。赵孤名曰武。诸将不得已，乃曰：“昔下宫之难，屠岸贾为之，矫以君命，并命髃臣。非然，孰敢作难！微君之疾，髃臣固且请立赵后。今君有命，髃臣之愿也。”于是召赵武、程婴篃拜诸将，遂反与程婴、赵武攻屠岸贾，灭其族。复与赵武田邑如故。
　　及赵武冠，为成人，程婴乃辞诸大夫，谓赵武曰：“昔下宫之难，皆能死。我非不能死，我思立赵氏之后。今赵武既立，为成人，复故位，我将下报赵宣孟与公孙杵臼。”赵武啼泣顿首固请，曰：“武愿苦筋骨以报子至死，而子忍去我死乎！”程婴曰：“不可。彼以我为能成事，故先我死；今我不报，是以我事为不成。”遂自杀。赵武服齐衰三年，为之祭邑，春秋祠之，世世勿绝。
　　你还可以到我百度空间看译文的。

京剧《赵氏孤儿》中的魏绛是谁

魏绛（生卒年不详）：姬姓，魏氏，名绛，谥号为庄，故史称魏庄子，春秋时晋国卿。 其先祖为庶人，与周同姓，因伐纣有功被周武王封于毕，于是以毕为姓。到毕万时，事晋献公，伐霍、耿，魏等国有功，封于魏，遂又以魏为姓。

哪位大神能帮我翻译一下，译成英文，很重要也很急。 赵氏孤儿赵武

Persecution and the story of the rescue of the spring and Autumn period, Jin kill qingdafu Zhao a historical incident has been documented in detail in the Zuo Zhuan, began to take shape in the Shiji of Sima Qian of the Han dynasty. Dating from the Yuan dynasty has been full of dramas and novels to plump an entire story, zaju of Yuan dynasty Jia Ji Junxiang, mediated by the orphan was heralded by the famous scholar Wang Guowei's "most tragic nature of", "in the column of the tragedies in the world, has no shame." It has had a huge impact in 18th century Europe, was adapted for the different plays in abroad. "Orphan" in the evolution of the story, because of the time change and the spirit is constantly seeping story also shows some differences and rheological properties. "Orphan" stories in the representative works of different periods, study on the changing process of the differences and connections.希望对你有帮助~

京剧走西口曲谱_12集京剧音乐电视连续剧《哥哥你走西口》,

京剧赵氏孤儿程婴曲谱_谈谈赵氏孤儿 程婴对舍子救孤 的看法