require的用法

require
re.quire
[rI`kwaIr;
riˋkwaiə]
及物动词
1 需要
a. 需要<某事>
The matter ~s utmost care.
此事处理需要极度慎重
b. 有必要…,需要…
The young seedlings ~ looking after
carefully.
这些幼苗需要小心照顾 [培育]
c. <情势等> 需要…
The situation ~s that this (should) be done
immediately. (.
当前的) 形势要求这件事必须立刻办成
(当务之急是要把这件事办成)
2 要求
(→demand【同义字】)
a. (作为权利、凭权力) 要求; <法律、规则等> 要求,命令
Your presence is urgently ~d.
你务必出席 [在场]
He has done all that is ~d by the law.
凡是法律所要求的事,他都执行了
b. [向人]要求…[of, from]
We will do all that is ~d of us.
凡是向我们要求的事我们都会做到 [我们有求必应]
He ~d some more information from me.
他要求我提供更多情报
c. 要求<人>…,命令
He was ~d to report to the police.
他被警方传讯
d. 命令…,要求…
The court ~d that I (should) appear.
法院要求我出庭
不及物动词
<法律等>要求,命令

do 除了实义动词外，还是助动词，与动词原形一起构成一般现在时的疑问句或否定句。do not require （不要求）是否定句，所以 do 是助动词。

need/want/need/require/deserve的用法是这样的。但worth不是。
1.worth adj&n.值得，应该,作形容词在句中只能作表语
①sb./sth. be worth ... :
His words are worth notice.他的话值得注意.
The bike is worth 200 yuan.
②be (well) worth doing (很)值得做...,注意这个句型是主动表被动的用法,如这本书值得一读
This book is worth reading.
2.worthy adj&n.有价值的,值得...的,做形容词时既可以做表语又可以作定语
①be worthy of +n.
He is worthy of our praise.
②be (quite)worthy of being done (很)值得做... :
The film is worhty of being watched.
③be worthy to be done (很)值得做... ,上面的句子可以改写为:
The film is worthy to be watched.
3.worthwhile adj.值得做的..值得出力的,既可以做表语又可以作定语
be worthwhile doing/be worthwhile to do:
It is worthwhile discussing the question again.=It is worthwhile to discuss the question again

猜测你应该是使用了渐变吧，当data为空时，就会出现如图所示的异常。
建议增加非空判断，只有数据合法时，才绘制chart。

你在开什么玩笑，请看下图：

这么简单的程序，结果肯定是110，你来说不是，我还以为PHP造反了。亲自审问一下，它说是你诬告陷害。

who 是引导定语从句
这句话可以看出是不完整的，针对这么点信息无法准确理解意思
这句话应该出自一份合同或协议或报价文件，如果这真的是完整的一句话，那么至少也需要上下文来结合理解。不想勉强给你翻译出来，因为这样会给出错误的暗示。

小程序开发有一下两种典型的“坑”

1. 一键生成的模板小程序，后期无法二次开发，到时业务受阻或需要重新开发小程序

2. 选择价格过低的开发公司，不提供售后服务，售后无门

希望对大家有帮助！

一.概念: 动词虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望, 假设, 猜测, 建议, 请求, 意图, 设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况, 或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况, 而不表示客观存在的现实

二.虚拟语气的表现形式: 通过句中谓语动词的特殊形式来表现. 这些特殊形式与谓语动词的某些时态相同, 但它们只表示语气, 而不表示时态, 但含有一定的时间概念

虚拟语气的用法

一.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法: 谓语动词用原形或may +动词原形

1.表示祝愿

a. Long live our country.

b. May you succeed.

c. May you be happy all your life.

2.表示命令

a. Everybody leave the room.

二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (使用虚拟语气的含条件句的复合句称为真实条件句)

1.表示与现在事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be动词的过去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might +动词原形 (should多用于第一人称, would多用于二三人称, could / might可用于所有人称)

a. If I had more time, I should study computer better.

b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.

c. If they didn’t take exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.

d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning.

e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.

2.表示与过去事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用had done形式, 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might + have done的形式

a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.

b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s exam.

c. If you had taken the teacher’s advice, you would not have failed in the exam.

3.表示与将来事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语形式是: ①.完全动词过去式 (be的过去式通常用were); ②.should +动词原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③种情况都含有出乎意料之外之意; 主句的谓语的形式是: should / would / could / might +动词原形

a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.

b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.

c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.

d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.

三.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用法的几个变体:

1.条件从句省略if: 在书面语中, 如果条件从句中的谓语中有were, had, should等词, 可将if省略, 而把were, had, should放在句首

a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early.

b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.

2.省略条件从句或主句, 省略部分的含义仍有所体现. 省略主句时, 表示己不能实现的愿望

a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to).

b. I wouldn’t smoke (if I were you).

c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起该多好啊)

d. If you could have seen the wonderful film!

3.主从句时间不一致时, 主从句谓语动词的形式取决于要表示的具体时间

a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day.

b. If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.

4.假设的条件不以条件从句, 而以其他方式如介词短语、从句等表达出来, 这种句子称为含蓄条件句

a. What would you do with a million dollars?

b. Without music, the world would be a dull place.

c. We could have done better with more money.

d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.

四.虚拟语气在as if / though从句中的用法:

1.表示与现在事实相反或对相在情况有所怀疑, as if / though从句谓语用过去式

a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.

b. She looked as if she were ill.

2.表示与过去事实相反的情况, as if / though从句谓语用过去完成式

a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.

五.虚拟语气在含even if / though从句的复合句中的用法:

在此类复合句中, 若表示与事实相反, 可用虚拟语气形式. 主从句的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同

a. Even if I were rich, I would work.

六.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:

如果表示说话人的看法, 想法或意见, 在句型 It is / was + adj. + that从句中, 主语从句中可用虚拟语气. 主语从句中谓语动词用should do表示现在或将来情况, 用should have done表示过去情况

a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left.

b. It is important that you should take the doctor’s advice.

c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye.

七.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法:

1.在wish的宾语从句中, 通常表示不可能实现或没有实现的愿望, 常用虚拟语气

①.wish的宾语从句用过去式, 表示现在或将来没有实现或不可能实现的愿望

a. I wish I knew the result of the match now.

b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.

c. I wish I could help you.

d. I wish I were young.

②.wish的宾语从句用过去完成式, 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望

a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night.

b. I wish you I had met him yesterday.

③.wish的宾语从句若用would, 则一般表示请求, 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变

a. I wish the prices would come down.

b. I wish you would help me.

c. I wish he would be more careful.

d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.

2.在动词suggest (建议), advise (建议), demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (坚持)后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词常用( should )+动词原形的虚拟语气形式

a. I suggested that we should go there at once.

b. I demand that he should answer me at once.

c. The doctor insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks.

d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.

与名词suggestion建议 / advice 建议 / demand要求 / request要求 / order命令有关的从句(包括同位语从句和表语从句等)中的谓语也用 ( should ) +动词原形

a. The black people made a strong demand that the government ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation.

b. Their demand is that the government should take steps to change the unfair situation.

c. I was Bill’s suggestion that everybody should have a map.

d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map.

八.虚拟语气用在句型: It is time that(该做某事了)中: that从句中的谓语动词用过去式

a. It is time we got up.

九.虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中: 表示但愿, 要是就好了, 其中谓语形式与wish的宾语从句相同

a. If only he didn’t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn’t drive so fast.)

b. If only he had taken the doctor’s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor’s advice.)

c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)

十.虚拟语气用在would rather / prefer后的that从句中: 表示现在或将来情况谓语动词用过去时形式, 表示过去情况动词用过去完成时形式

a. I would rather he came next Saturday.

b. I would prefer you had seen the film yesterday.

c. I would rather that he painted the house blue

被动语态是由助动词“be”+过去分词构成的.这里的“be”既要表示出与主语的人称和数一致,也要表示出时、体的形式.被动语态有几种特殊用法.每个人的情况不同，也可以登录文都国际教育官网进行一对一的咨询。
(1)主动形式表示被动意义
1)常见的这类动词有：“act,add
up,clean,compare,count,cook,draw,fill,iron,keep,let,look,make
up,milk,kill,open,photograph,prove,read,sell,smoke,spoil”等.
The window won’t open.(这扇窗户打不开.)
The cow milks well.(这头牛出奶率很高.)
Damp wood will not fire.(湿木不易燃烧.)
She doesn’t photograph well.(她不上相.)
His judgment proved wrong.(他的判断是错的.)
It turned out fine that day.(结果那天天气很好.)
How did his coat catch on a nail? (他的衣服怎么钩到钉子上了?)
2)实用动词“need/want/deserve/require +V-ing(动名词)”形式表示被动意义.
My hair needs cutting..
The bike wants repairing.
There is nothing to worry about.
②不定式修饰want, have等动词的宾语,而句中的主语同时又不是不定式的逻辑主语时：
I want some clothes to wash.
Do you have anything to say for yourself?
③不定式修饰buy,get,give等动词的直接宾语,而句中的间接宾语又是不定式的逻辑主语时：
His sister gave him a bike to ride.
It is believed/thought that this medicine works well.
It is required(of)him that he give the evidence.(要求我提供证据)
It is feared that he could not come here.
It is estimated that a flight to Shanghai would take more than one hour.
It is often realized that women held a high social position in the Southern European societies in the 10th and llth centuries.

工作中打造一款属于自己的命令行工具，很多时候可以很大程度上减少重复工作提高开发效率，简单介绍一下开发一个命令行工具的步骤。

拿快速构建前端项目脚手架为例：

主要开发步骤：

1.创建项目

$ npm init
name: (app-cli)
version: (1.0.0)
description: A command-line tool for creating  a custom project
entry point: (index.js)
author:
license: (MIT)

会生成一个package.json文件，在该文件中添加一个bin字段,
bin字段的key就是你的命令，value指向相对于package.json的路径，
不同的key对应不同的命令。关于 bin 字段更多信息请参考 npm 文章中 package.json 一节。

{  "name": "app-cli",  "version": "1.0.0",  "description": "A command-line tool for creating  a custom project",  "bin":{    "createApp":"/bin/index.js"
},  "main": "index.js",  "author": "",  "license": "MIT"}

2.创建bin/index.js文件

#!/usr/bin/env node console.log('Hello, world!');

注意要添加shebang 来指定脚本运行环境

3.测试
开发时为了方便调试，可以全局执行命令，需要把开发模块镜像到全局，在开发目录中执行命令：

npm link

{userpath}\AppData\Roaming\npm\createapp -> {userpath}\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\app-cli\bin\index.js
{userpath}\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\app-cli -> {userpath}\myproject\app-cli
$ createapp
Hello, world!

这样就可以方便调试代码了。

命令行工具常用模块介绍：

• Commander.js 命令行交互框架
  使用方法：

• #!/usr/bin/env node/**


• * Module dependencies.


• */var program = require('commander');



• program


•  .version('0.0.1')


•  .option('-p, --peppers', 'Add peppers')


•  .option('-P, --pineapple', 'Add pineapple')


•  .option('-b, --bbq-sauce', 'Add bbq sauce')


•  .option('-c, --cheese [type]', 'Add the specified type of cheese [marble]', 'marble')


•  .parse(process.argv);console.log('you ordered a pizza with:');if (program.peppers) console.log('  - peppers');if (program.pineapple) console.log('  - pineapple');if (program.bbqSauce) console.log('  - bbq');console.log('  - %s cheese', program.cheese);



2.yargs 另一个命令行交互框架

• #!/usr/bin/env node  require('yargs')


•    .usage('$0 <cmd> [args]')


•    .command('hello [name]', 'welcome ter yargs!', {      name: {        default: 'default name'


•      }


•    }, function (argv) {      console.log('hello', argv.name, 'welcome to yargs!')


•    })


•    .help()


•    .argv


• $ node example.js --help



output

• test <cmd> [args]



•  Commands:


•    hello  welcome ter yargs!



•  Options:


•    --name, -n  provide yer name!


•    --help      Show help          



3.Inquirer UI交互就是提示框

• var inquirer = require('inquirer');


• inquirer.prompt([/* Pass your questions in here */]).then(function (answers) {    // Use user feedback for... whatever!!});



• Commander.js

• Inquirer.js

• chalk.js

安装使用:

• $ npm install app-cli -g


• $ createApp