which的用法

which意思及用法：

adj.哪一个;哪一些

pron.哪一个;哪些

which的用法总结：

1、在后置的非限制性定语从句中代替上文出现的事物或情况(单数或复数)。

2、在问句中作为疑问代词，在名词从句中作为连接代词用，其含义为“哪个、哪些”。

3、如果非限制性定语从句的先行词不是指主句内容，而是指具体的人、时间、地点，则不用which。

一、关系代词that 和which 在定语从句中作主语和宾语，放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用。指物时，一般情况下可互换。如： Here is the pen that/which you lost yesterday.(that/which 指物作宾语) A plane is a machine that/which can fly.(that/which 指物，作主语) He is the most careful boy that I know.(that 指人,作宾语) The man that works in this room is a chemist.(that 指人,作主语)

二、that,which 在从句中作主语时，不能省略。作宾语时在口语中和非正式问题中经常省略。如上例1 和中的that,which 都可省略。

三、关系代词在主语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。 Wheat is a plant that/which is grown in the north of China.

四、在定语从句中，关系代词that 和which 指物时，一般没有区别，但下列几种情况中不能互换：

只能用that 的情况：

a)先行词为 all,everything,nothing,anything,little 等不定代词时(something 后也可用which)： Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town? That’s all (that) I know.

b) 先行词被序数词所修饰时： The first thing (that) we should do is to work out a plan.

c) 先行词被形容词最高级所修饰时： This is one of the most exciting football games (that) I have ever seen. The nanjing yangtse river bridge is the longest bridge (that) they have ever seen.

d) 先行词 被only,very,no,any,same,little,one of 等词所修饰时： This is the only thing (that) we can do now. He gave me the same pen (that) he borrowed from me. Do you have any books that were written by Lu Xun? This is the very book (that) I want to read.

e) 当先行词中既有人又有物时： The man and the car (that) you want to see are all here. 你相见的人和车都在这里。

f) that 可指人，which 则不能： Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?

g) 在 “the time when”等结构和某些时间状语中，when 常被that 代替，而且that 往往省略： I may leave here any time I want to. During the time I was there I visited him twice.

h)way 后面可根由that 引导的定语从句，但that 一般都省略： That was the way she looked after us.

在下列情况中，只能用which:

a) 放在介词后面做介词宾语时： This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 但是，如把介词放在从句的后部，这时which 就可换为that 并常省略。如上例可改为： This is the question (that) we’ve had so much discussion about.

b) 在非限制性定语从句，无论指物指人，都不能用that。指物时，只能用which 和其他关系代词。如： All the books there,which have beautiful pictures in them,were written by him.

which引导的定语从句
先行词是物

追问

这里which是不是做主语

pron.（代词）
1，哪一个，哪一些：特定的一个或那些：
Which of these is yours?
这些里面哪个是你的?
The one or ones previously mentioned or implied, specifically:
2，那一个，那一些：先前提到的或暗指的那个或那些，尤其是：
在从句中用作关系代词为其先行词提供额外附加信息：
my house, which is small and old.
我的房子，又小又旧

3，用在前面带有that 或一介词的从句中作关系代词，定语从句用以给先行词下定义或做限制：
that which he needed; the subject on which she spoke.
那他所需要的；她谈到的话题

4，用以取代that 在从句中作关系代词，该从句限制或给其先行词下定义：
The movie which was shown later was better.
后来上映的电影较好看

5，任一：任一个规定或暗示的事、事情、人；任一：
Choose which you like best.
选你最喜欢的
A thing or circumstance that:
那事情，那情况：
He left early, which was wise.
他早早地离开，那是很明智的

adj.（形容词）
1，…那个：一定数目的人或物中特定的一个或一些：
Which part of town do you mean?
你是说城镇的哪个地区?

2，任一个，任一些；无论哪个：
Use which door you please.
随便你用哪个门

3，…的那个：先前提及或暗指的那个：
It started to rain, at which point we ran.
天开始下雨时，我们跑了起来

1. 定语从句：which指代title，正常语序：the copyright owners' identity or location is unknown for titles
   

2. 没有which。
   

3. 定语从句：which指代emphasis or confidence，正常语序：assertions are made on one side or the other with emphasis or confidence.
   

4. 定语从句：which指代the only education 正常语序：it can be truly said that it makes good citizens of the only education (education in the critical faculty)

• 定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。 被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。

• 定语 从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。

• 定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句

• 指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或句子。

• 一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。

• 关系词常有3个作用:

• ①连接作用，连接主句和定语从句。

• ②指代先行词。

• ③在定语从句中担当成分。

• 注:关系代词有主语、宾语、定语之分。一般who做主语或其宾格形式的whom做宾语(whom作宾语时可省略)，whose作为定语(whose不可省略)。关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语，定语等，关系副词在从句中作地点状语(where)，时间状语(when)，原因状语(why)。

after which：关系代词指表示时间的先行词，含义是 “该时间以后”。

to which：介词 to 有多种意思，which 指代不同意思的先行词，可能表示 “到该处”，也可能表示 “到该时间”，还可能表示 “达到该程度“，等等。

of which：表示所属关系，被修饰名词紧跟在指代先行名词的 which 后面，含义是 “属于该先行词的 ...”

为您解答
如果只有一份sample，不需要限定性修饰也可以不产生歧义，就可以用逗号。

解释如下
which 和that 在指代事物时,一般可以互换使用,但并非在任何情况下都是这样,几种宜用that,而不宜用which 的情况如下：
①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等,
1.We should do all that is useful to the people .
2.There's nothing that can be said about it .
3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?
②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时.
1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.
2.That's the very word that is wrongly used.
The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.
You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free.
I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.
比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.
*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.
③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时.
1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.
2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.
④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时.
1.This is the best that can be done now.
2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.
⑤先行词既有人又有物,用which和who都不适合,这时宜用that. 如：
1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .
2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.
⑥被修饰词为数词时.
1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .
⑦如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复.
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
⑧疑问词是who或which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复.
1. Which is the book that you like best?
2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?
⑨主句是There be 结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：
1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.
⑩被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .
1. That's a good book that will help you a lot.
2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .
定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:
①当关系代词的前面有介词时.
1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?
②在非限制性定语从句中.
1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .
2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句)
③在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which
1. Let me show you the novel,that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
2. At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.
④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.
1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which .
What's that which she is looking at?
⑥先行词是those+复数名词.
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.

which引导的是非限制性定语从句，which代替前面句子中的宾语，并作定从中would have missed的宾语。该定语从句是含虚拟条件句的复合句 表示与过去情况相反。其中had i been lazy。。。是省略if的虚拟条件句，省略if后 条件从句倒装。所以 该定语从句翻译成：假如我 懒得看，我就会错过这些。

What和which有什么区别?
1。在名词性从句中，what可以当从句的主语，宾语，表语，而 which很少用于名词性从句，如在名词性从句出现，它表示的是~那一个~即已确定的几个人或物中的~那一个~，往往在从句中当定语，后面要跟一个名词，如果上文刚出现了几个确定的名词，which后可省略名词，计时它当主语，宾语，表语，但它不象what一样表示某物一，某物二，，而是表示~那一个~例：
What I want to sell is my house 。
I have three houses，I have to sell one，but I don`t know which to sell 。
2。在定语从句中，只能用which，that当从句的主，宾，表，定，不能用,what，例：
The thing which/that I want to sell is my house 。

which to be loaded onto m/v...是个定语从句，修饰前面的subject。其中which是这个定语从句的引导词。

追问

谢谢 但是我不太名词 如果是定语从句的话  为什么没有谓语动词呢 which to be loaded onto m/v